Wheat middlings, starch > 40%
| Main analysis | Unit | Avg | SD | Min | Max | Nb | |
| Dry matter | % as fed | 87.8 | 1.2 | 84 | 92.9 | 370 | |
| Crude protein | % DM | 17.1 | 1.5 | 13.1 | 21.2 | 362 | |
| Crude fibre | % DM | 6.5 | 1.9 | 3 | 10.4 | 137 | |
| Neutral detergent fibre | % DM | 29.4 | 6.7 | 20.6 | 50.3 | 83 | * |
| Acid detergent fibre | % DM | 8.4 | 2.4 | 5.2 | 15.2 | 91 | * |
| Lignin | % DM | 2.5 | 1 | 0.9 | 4.3 | 74 | * |
| Ether extract | % DM | 3.9 | 1 | 0.9 | 6.1 | 455 | |
| Ash | % DM | 3.6 | 0.9 | 1.9 | 5.6 | 99 | |
| Insoluble ash | % DM | 0.09 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.2 | 28 | |
| Starch (polarimetry) | % DM | 51.1 | 5 | 45.5 | 67.6 | 133 | |
| Starch (enzymatic) | % DM | 45.4 | 9.7 | 25.1 | 57.5 | 14 | * |
| Total sugars | % DM | 7.4 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 8.9 | 8 | * |
| Gross energy | MJ/kg DM | 19.1 | 0.4 | 18.4 | 20.3 | 30 | * |
| Amino acids | Unit | Avg | SD | Min | Max | Nb | |
| Alanine | g/16g N | 4.4 | 0.4 | 3.4 | 5.2 | 47 | * |
| Arginine | g/16g N | 6.2 | 0.6 | 4.9 | 7.2 | 49 | * |
| Aspartic acid | g/16g N | 6.5 | 0.4 | 5.5 | 8.1 | 46 | * |
| Cystine | g/16g N | 2 | 0.1 | 1.6 | 2.4 | 41 | * |
| Glutamic acid | g/16g N | 20.2 | 2.8 | 14.4 | 26.7 | 47 | * |
| Glycine | g/16g N | 4.8 | 0.5 | 3.5 | 5.8 | 50 | * |
| Histidine | g/16g N | 2.7 | 0.2 | 2 | 3 | 48 | * |
| Isoleucine | g/16g N | 3.2 | 0.2 | 2.8 | 3.8 | 53 | * |
| Leucine | g/16g N | 6.1 | 0.4 | 5.2 | 7 | 53 | * |
| Lysine | g/16g N | 3.9 | 0.5 | 2.2 | 4.9 | 59 | * |
| Methionine | g/16g N | 1.5 | 0.2 | 0.8 | 2 | 50 | * |
| Methionine+cystine | g/16g N | 3.5 | 0.3 | 3.1 | 4.3 | 41 | * |
| Phenylalanine | g/16g N | 4 | 0.2 | 3.4 | 4.4 | 48 | * |
| Phenylalanine+tyrosine | g/16g N | 6.7 | 0.4 | 5.7 | 7.3 | 29 | * |
| Proline | g/16g N | 6.7 | 0.8 | 5.1 | 8.7 | 34 | * |
| Serine | g/16g N | 4.3 | 0.3 | 3.1 | 5 | 47 | * |
| Threonine | g/16g N | 3.2 | 0.3 | 2.6 | 4 | 53 | * |
| Tryptophan | g/16g N | 1.3 | 0.2 | 1.1 | 1.8 | 33 | * |
| Tyrosine | g/16g N | 2.7 | 0.3 | 2.1 | 3.5 | 37 | * |
| Valine | g/16g N | 4.5 | 0.3 | 3.8 | 5.1 | 49 | * |
| Fatty acids | Unit | Avg | SD | Min | Max | Nb | |
| Myristic acid C14:0 | % fatty acids | 0.1 | 0 | 0.3 | 4 | ||
| Palmitic acid C16:0 | % fatty acids | 17.8 | 0.9 | 15.5 | 18.3 | 9 | |
| Palmitoleic acid C16:1 | % fatty acids | 0.4 | |||||
| Stearic acid C18:0 | % fatty acids | 0.8 | 0.07 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 8 | |
| Oleic acid C18:1 | % fatty acids | 15.2 | 2.7 | 11.3 | 20.4 | 11 | |
| Linoleic acid C18:2 | % fatty acids | 56.4 | |||||
| Linolenic acid C18:3 | % fatty acids | 5.9 | 1 | 5.4 | 8.5 | 9 | |
| Minerals | Unit | Avg | SD | Min | Max | Nb | |
| Calcium | g/kg DM | 1.1 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 2.4 | 71 | * |
| Phosphorus | g/kg DM | 7.5 | 2.6 | 4.4 | 16.8 | 80 | * |
| Potassium | g/kg DM | 9.7 | 1.8 | 8.1 | 16.9 | 40 | * |
| Sodium | g/kg DM | 0.1 | 0.02 | 0.08 | 0.17 | 13 | |
| Chlorine | g/kg DM | 1.1 | |||||
| Magnesium | g/kg DM | 3.3 | 0.8 | 1.2 | 4.8 | 27 | |
| Sulfur | g/kg DM | 1.9 | |||||
| Manganese | mg/kg DM | 99 | 35 | 58 | 169 | 13 | |
| Zinc | mg/kg DM | 95 | 18 | 72 | 139 | 13 | |
| Copper | mg/kg DM | 15 | 2 | 12 | 17 | 11 | |
| Iron | mg/kg DM | 69 | 65 | 72 | 2 | ||
| Selenium | mg/kg DM | 0.2 | |||||
| Pig nutritive values | Unit | Avg | SD | Min | Max | Nb | |
| Energy digestibility, growing pig | % | 72.2 | 56.4 | 78 | 4 | * | |
| DE growing pig | MJ/kg DM | 13.8 | * | ||||
| MEn growing pig | MJ/kg DM | 13.3 | 1 | * | |||
| NE growing pig | MJ/kg DM | 10.2 | * | ||||
| Nitrogen digestibility, growing pig | % | 74.3 | 69 | 79.4 | 3 | * | |
| Poultry nutritive values | Unit | Avg | SD | Min | Max | Nb | |
| AMEn cockerel | MJ/kg DM | 11 | * | ||||
| AMEn broiler | MJ/kg DM | 10.5 | * | ||||
| Ruminants nutritive values | Unit | Avg | SD | Min | Max | Nb | |
| OM digestibility, ruminants | % | 77.5 | 5.2 | 71.6 | 87.2 | 21 | * |
| Energy digestibility, ruminants | % | 75.7 | 5.7 | 67.1 | 84.7 | 20 | * |
| ME ruminants | MJ/kg DM | 11.9 | * | ||||
| Nitrogen digestibility, ruminants | % | 68.9 | * | ||||
| Nitrogen degradability (effective, k=6%) | % | 76 | 8 | 68 | 87 | 5 | * |
| Nitrogen degradability (effective, k=4%) | % | 80 | 1 | * | |||
| a (N) | % | 35 | 32 | 56 | 2 | ||
| b (N) | % | 57 | 39 | 83 | 3 | ||
| c (N) | h-1 | 0.155 | 0.134 | 0.182 | 3 | ||
| Dry matter degradability (effective, k=6%) | % | 64 | * | ||||
| Dry matter degradability (effective, k=4%) | % | 68 | 1 | * | |||
| a (DM) | % | 44 | |||||
| b (DM) | % | 38 | |||||
| c (DM) | h-1 | 0.065 | 0.057 | 0.004 | 0.145 | 5 | |
| Rabbit nutritive values | Unit | Avg | SD | Min | Max | Nb | |
| DE rabbit | MJ/kg DM | 14.4 | * | ||||
| MEn rabbit | MJ/kg DM | 13.7 | * | ||||
| Energy digestibility, rabbit | % | 75.1 | 1 | * | |||
| Nitrogen digestibility, rabbit | % | 66 | * |
The asterisk * indicates that the average value was obtained by an equation.
References
ADAS, 1989; Adedokun et al., 2015; AFZ, 2025; Allan et al., 2000; Anderson et al., 1991; Anon., 2001; Aregheore, 2000; Aufrère et al., 1991; Aureli et al., 2015; Bach Knudsen, 1997; Barrows et al., 2015; Bryden et al., 2009; CIRAD, 1991; Clark et al., 1997; Cottyn et al., 1978; De Boever et al., 1994; Dei et al., 2008; Devendra et al., 1970; Dewar, 1967; Eeckhout et al., 1994; El-Haroun et al., 2007; Erdman et al., 1987; Fernandez Carmona et al., 1996; Getachew et al., 2004; Hajen et al., 1993; Han et al., 1976; Hanczakowski et al., 1979; Hepburn et al., 1960; Holtshausen et al., 2011; Huang et al., 2007; Jongbloed et al., 1990; Kendall et al., 1982; Kiiskinen, 1992; Lechevestrier, 1992; Leeson et al., 1974; Lekule et al., 1990; Macgregor et al., 1978; Maertens et al., 1985; Marcondes et al., 2009; Mariscal Landin, 1992; Masoero et al., 1994; May et al., 1971; McNab et al., 1988; Morgan et al., 1975; Morse et al., 1992; Nengas et al., 1995; Oliveira et al., 2007; Petit, 1992; Pozy et al., 1996; Qiao ShiYan et al., 2004; Rogerson, 1956; San Juan et al., 1993; Sauer et al., 1989; Smolders et al., 1990; Storey et al., 1982; Swanek et al., 2001; Tahir et al., 2012; Tamminga et al., 1990; Tesfaye et al., 2013; Wainman et al., 1979
Last updated on 30/10/2026 16:29:02