Wheat middlings, starch 20-30%
| Main analysis | Unit | Avg | SD | Min | Max | Nb | |
| Dry matter | % as fed | 88 | 1.1 | 83.8 | 96.7 | 1497 | |
| Crude protein | % DM | 18.1 | 1 | 13.5 | 21.3 | 1508 | |
| Crude fibre | % DM | 8 | 1.1 | 3.4 | 11.7 | 618 | |
| Neutral detergent fibre | % DM | 35.5 | 5.9 | 22.7 | 50.3 | 104 | * |
| Acid detergent fibre | % DM | 10.4 | 2.2 | 5.3 | 15.2 | 112 | * |
| Lignin | % DM | 3 | 0.7 | 1.4 | 4.3 | 136 | * |
| Ether extract | % DM | 4.6 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 6 | 373 | |
| Ash | % DM | 4.3 | 0.5 | 2.3 | 6.4 | 505 | |
| Insoluble ash | % DM | 0.09 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.2 | 29 | |
| Starch (polarimetry) | % DM | 28.6 | 2.9 | 23 | 34 | 1261 | |
| Starch (enzymatic) | % DM | 24.5 | * | ||||
| Total sugars | % DM | 8 | 2.2 | 2.4 | 12 | 70 | * |
| Gross energy | MJ/kg DM | 19.3 | 0.3 | 18.4 | 20.3 | 33 | * |
| Amino acids | Unit | Avg | SD | Min | Max | Nb | |
| Alanine | g/16g N | 4.5 | 0.4 | 3.4 | 5.2 | 52 | * |
| Arginine | g/16g N | 6.4 | 0.5 | 4.9 | 7.2 | 54 | * |
| Aspartic acid | g/16g N | 6.7 | 0.4 | 5.5 | 8.1 | 51 | * |
| Cystine | g/16g N | 2 | 0.2 | 1.6 | 2.6 | 47 | * |
| Glutamic acid | g/16g N | 20.1 | 2.7 | 14.4 | 26.7 | 51 | * |
| Glycine | g/16g N | 4.8 | 0.4 | 3.5 | 5.8 | 55 | * |
| Histidine | g/16g N | 2.6 | 0.2 | 2 | 3.1 | 53 | * |
| Isoleucine | g/16g N | 3.2 | 0.2 | 2.8 | 3.8 | 58 | * |
| Leucine | g/16g N | 6.1 | 0.4 | 5.2 | 7 | 58 | * |
| Lysine | g/16g N | 4 | 0.5 | 2.2 | 4.9 | 63 | * |
| Methionine | g/16g N | 1.5 | 0.2 | 0.8 | 2 | 56 | * |
| Methionine+cystine | g/16g N | 3.6 | 0.3 | 3.1 | 4.4 | 46 | * |
| Phenylalanine | g/16g N | 4 | 0.2 | 3.4 | 4.4 | 53 | * |
| Phenylalanine+tyrosine | g/16g N | 6.5 | 0.4 | 5.7 | 7.3 | 32 | * |
| Proline | g/16g N | 6.6 | 0.7 | 5.1 | 8.7 | 37 | * |
| Serine | g/16g N | 4.3 | 0.3 | 3.1 | 5 | 52 | * |
| Threonine | g/16g N | 3.2 | 0.3 | 2.6 | 4 | 58 | * |
| Tryptophan | g/16g N | 1.3 | 0.2 | 1.1 | 1.8 | 35 | * |
| Tyrosine | g/16g N | 2.6 | 0.3 | 2.1 | 3.5 | 40 | * |
| Valine | g/16g N | 4.5 | 0.3 | 3.8 | 5.1 | 54 | * |
| Fatty acids | Unit | Avg | SD | Min | Max | Nb | |
| Myristic acid C14:0 | % fatty acids | 0.1 | 0 | 0.3 | 4 | ||
| Palmitic acid C16:0 | % fatty acids | 17.8 | 0.9 | 15.5 | 18.3 | 9 | |
| Palmitoleic acid C16:1 | % fatty acids | 0.4 | |||||
| Stearic acid C18:0 | % fatty acids | 0.8 | 0.07 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 8 | |
| Oleic acid C18:1 | % fatty acids | 15.2 | 2.7 | 11.3 | 20.4 | 11 | |
| Linoleic acid C18:2 | % fatty acids | 56.4 | |||||
| Linolenic acid C18:3 | % fatty acids | 5.9 | 1 | 5.4 | 8.5 | 9 | |
| Minerals | Unit | Avg | SD | Min | Max | Nb | |
| Calcium | g/kg DM | 1.2 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 2.4 | 168 | * |
| Phosphorus | g/kg DM | 8.8 | 1.8 | 5.2 | 16.8 | 182 | * |
| Potassium | g/kg DM | 11 | 1.7 | 8.1 | 16.9 | 46 | * |
| Sodium | g/kg DM | 0.06 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.2 | 55 | |
| Chlorine | g/kg DM | 1 | 0.8 | 1.2 | 3 | ||
| Magnesium | g/kg DM | 3.3 | 0.8 | 1.2 | 4.8 | 31 | |
| Sulfur | g/kg DM | 1.9 | 0.3 | 1.5 | 2.3 | 5 | |
| Manganese | mg/kg DM | 109 | 31 | 58 | 169 | 21 | |
| Zinc | mg/kg DM | 99 | 19 | 72 | 139 | 16 | |
| Copper | mg/kg DM | 15 | 2 | 11 | 17 | 14 | |
| Iron | mg/kg DM | 143 | 71 | 65 | 215 | 5 | |
| Selenium | mg/kg DM | 0.2 | 1 | ||||
| Pig nutritive values | Unit | Avg | SD | Min | Max | Nb | |
| Energy digestibility, growing pig | % | 66.3 | 56.4 | 78 | 4 | * | |
| DE growing pig | MJ/kg DM | 12.8 | * | ||||
| MEn growing pig | MJ/kg DM | 12.2 | 1 | * | |||
| NE growing pig | MJ/kg DM | 8.7 | * | ||||
| Nitrogen digestibility, growing pig | % | 70.7 | 69 | 79.4 | 3 | * | |
| Poultry nutritive values | Unit | Avg | SD | Min | Max | Nb | |
| AMEn cockerel | MJ/kg DM | 9.9 | * | ||||
| AMEn broiler | MJ/kg DM | 9.5 | * | ||||
| Ruminants nutritive values | Unit | Avg | SD | Min | Max | Nb | |
| OM digestibility, ruminants | % | 74.9 | 5.2 | 71.6 | 87.2 | 21 | * |
| Energy digestibility, ruminants | % | 73.2 | 5.7 | 67.1 | 84.7 | 20 | * |
| ME ruminants | MJ/kg DM | 11.6 | * | ||||
| Nitrogen digestibility, ruminants | % | 68.8 | * | ||||
| Nitrogen degradability (effective, k=6%) | % | 76 | 8 | 68 | 87 | 6 | * |
| Nitrogen degradability (effective, k=4%) | % | 80 | 1 | * | |||
| a (N) | % | 35 | 32 | 56 | 2 | ||
| b (N) | % | 57 | 39 | 83 | 3 | ||
| c (N) | h-1 | 0.155 | 0.134 | 0.182 | 3 | ||
| Dry matter degradability (effective, k=6%) | % | 64 | * | ||||
| Dry matter degradability (effective, k=4%) | % | 68 | 1 | * | |||
| a (DM) | % | 44 | 27 | 74 | 3 | ||
| b (DM) | % | 38 | 8 | 21 | 46 | 6 | |
| c (DM) | h-1 | 0.065 | 0.052 | 0.004 | 0.145 | 6 | |
| Rabbit nutritive values | Unit | Avg | SD | Min | Max | Nb | |
| DE rabbit | MJ/kg DM | 14 | * | ||||
| MEn rabbit | MJ/kg DM | 13.4 | * | ||||
| Energy digestibility, rabbit | % | 72.6 | 1 | * | |||
| Nitrogen digestibility, rabbit | % | 60.9 | * |
The asterisk * indicates that the average value was obtained by an equation.
References
ADAS, 1988; ADAS, 1989; Adedokun et al., 2015; AFZ, 2025; Allan et al., 2000; Anderson et al., 1991; Anon., 2001; Aufrère et al., 1991; Aureli et al., 2015; Bach Knudsen, 1997; Barrows et al., 2015; Batajoo et al., 1998; Bryden et al., 2009; CIRAD, 1991; CIRAD, 2008; Clark et al., 1997; Cowan et al., 1998; De Boever et al., 1994; Dei et al., 2008; Dewar, 1967; Eeckhout et al., 1994; El-Haroun et al., 2007; Erdman et al., 1987; Fernandez Carmona et al., 1996; Getachew et al., 2004; Hajen et al., 1993; Han et al., 1976; Hanczakowski et al., 1979; Hepburn et al., 1960; Holtshausen et al., 2011; Huang et al., 2007; Jondreville et al., 2000; Jongbloed et al., 1990; Kendall et al., 1982; Kiiskinen, 1992; Lechevestrier, 1992; Lekule et al., 1990; Macgregor et al., 1978; Maertens et al., 1985; Marcondes et al., 2009; Mariscal Landin, 1992; May et al., 1971; Morgan et al., 1975; Morse et al., 1992; Oliveira et al., 2007; Petit, 1992; Pozy et al., 1996; Qiao ShiYan et al., 2004; Rogerson, 1956; San Juan et al., 1993; Sauer et al., 1989; Smolders et al., 1990; Storey et al., 1982; Swanek et al., 2001; Tahir et al., 2012; Tamminga et al., 1990; Tesfaye et al., 2013; Wainman et al., 1979
Last updated on 30/10/2026 16:25:52