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Cissus (Cissus quadrangularis)

Datasheet

Description
Click on the "Nutritional aspects" tab for recommendations for ruminants, pigs, poultry, rabbits, horses, fish and crustaceans
Cissus (Cissus quadrangularis) habit, Lanzarote, Canary Islands, Spain
Hadjod growing on a mango tree
Cissus (Cissus quadrangularis)
Hadjod plant
Common names 

Veldt-grape, winged treebine, devil's backbone, asthisamharaka, adamant creeper, hadjod, pirandai [English]; vid hiedra [Spanish]; umubogora [Kinyarwanda]; হাড়জোড়া [Bengali]; हड़जोड़ [Hindi]; ചങ്ങലംപരണ്ട [Malayalam]; பிரண்டை [Tamil]; เพชรสังฆาต [Thai] 

Species 

Cissus quadrangularis L. [Vitaceae]

Feed categories 
Related feed(s) 
Description 

Cisssus quadrangularis is a deciduous, woody climber belonging to the grape family. Stems are succulent, quadrangular, sometimes pubescent at the angles. Leaves are simple and reniform. Fruits are ovoid, red when ripe (Aluka, 2009). In South Africa, it is used by farmers for treating worm infestations and coughs in livestock (Kunene et al., 2003). It is an important medicinal plant in Southern and South East Asia. In India, stems are also eaten fried or curried (Aguilar, 2001).

Distribution 

It is widespread in the tropics: tropical Africa, Arabia, Madagascar, India and Sri Lanka. It is naturalized in Vietnam, Thailand, Java, the Moluccas and the Philippines. It thrives in arid or semi-arid regions, near the coast and up to an altitude of 300 m (Aguilar, 2001).

Environmental impact 

Cissus quadrangularis is reported to be a noxious weed in Oman, destroying other shrubs, particularly acacias, by climbing and smothering them (Osman, 2001).

Nutritional aspects
Potential constraints 

It is suspected to cause significant loss of livestock (sheep and goats) in the Sudan (Barakat et al., 1985).

Ruminants 

It is unpalatable to animals (Okoti et al., 2004).

Rabbits 

No information on the use of Cissus quadrangularis in rabbit feeding could be found in the international literature (as of February 2021) .

However this plant has been used to treat rabbits after experimental burn as complementary medicine (500 mg dried stems daily in distilled water per kg body weight) with only positive consequences (Swaband 2014). Actually, different parts of Cissus quadrangularis are largely used in traditional human medicine in Indian sub-continent (Ara, 2015). The fact that small quantities are safe (and useful) in the wounded rabbits treatment does not mean that this potential particular forage (20% CP and 19% crude fibre in DM) is necessarily safe if it represents 10% or 20% of a rabbits balanced diet (Talreja et al., 2014).

Thus any tentative to use Cissus quadrangularis stems or leaves in rabbit feeding must be done with caution.

Nutritional tables
Tables of chemical composition and nutritional value 
References
References 
Aguilar, N. O., 2001. Cissus quadrangularis L.. Record from Proseabase. van Valkenburg, J.L.C.H. and Bunyapraphatsara, N. (Editors). PROSEA (Plant Resources of South-East Asia) Foundation, Bogor, Indonesia web icon
Aluka, 2009. Entry for Cissus quadrangularis L.. Aluka digital database web icon
Ara, R. I. T., 2015. Leafy vegetables in Bangladesh. Photon eBooks ed., Bangladesh, 168 pp web icon
Barakat, S. E. M. ; Adam, S. E. I. ; Maglad, M. A. ; Wasfi, I. A., 1985. Effects of Cissus quadrangularis on goats and sheep in Sudan. Rev. Elev. Méd. Vét. Pays Trop., 38 (2): 185-194 web icon
Kunene, N. ; Wilson, R. A. C. ; Myeni, N. P., 2003. The use of trees, shrubs and herbs in livestock production by communal farmers in northern KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Afr. J. Range & Forage Sci., 20 (3): 271-274 web icon
Okoti, M. ; Ng’ethe, J. C. ; Ekaya, W. N. ; Mbuvi, D. M., 2004. Land use, ecology, and socio-economic changes in a pastoral production system. J. Hum. Ecol., 16 (2): 83-89 web icon
Ole-Miaron, J. O., 2003. The Maasai ethnodiagnostic skill of livestock diseases: a lead to traditional bioprospecting. J. Ethnopharm., 84 (1): 79-83 web icon
Osman, A. E., 2001. Forage and range germplasm collection in Dhofar, Oman (November 8-18, 2001). In: Collection of valuable indigenous plant species of the Arabian Peninsula 1998-2004, ICARDA web icon
Swanand, S. , 2014. Comparison of the effect of silver sulfadiazine and a new herbal preparation on thermal induced partial thickness burns in rabbits with and without supportive therapy with Cissus quadrangularis and Hemidesmus indicus. Doctoral Thesis, Fac. Med., Datta Meghe Univ., Nagpur, India, 223 pp web icon
Talreja, T.; Sirohi, P.; Sharma, T., 2014. Proximate composition analysis of two medicinally important plants Achyranthes aspera and Cissus quadrangularis. Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci., 7(4): 416-418 web icon
10 references found
Datasheet citation 

Heuzé V., Tran G., Lebas F., 2021. Cissus (Cissus quadrangularis). Feedipedia, a programme by INRAE, CIRAD, AFZ and FAO. https://www.feedipedia.org/node/593 Last updated on March 25, 2021, 16:05

English correction by Tim Smith (Animal Science consultant) and Hélène Thiollet (AFZ)
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