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Grewia (Grewia kakothamnos)

Datasheet

Description

Click on the "Nutritional aspects" tab for recommendations for ruminants, pigs, poultry, rabbits, horses, fish and crustaceans

Species

Grewia kakothamnos K. Schum. [Malvaceae]

Synonyms

Grewia tembensis var. kakothamnos (K. Schum.) Burret (Thulin, 1999).

Related feed(s)

Description

Grewia kakothamnos K. Schum. is a perennial shrub, up to 4 m high. It usually flowers without leaves. The leaves are green, glabrous to puberulous on both surfaces. The flowers are solitary, white to pale lilac. The fruits have 2 to 4 lobes, and are greenish when young, turning orange at maturity (Thulin, 1999).

Grewia kakothamnos is browsed by goats. Stems are used for firewood, charcoal, arrows, construction and farm utensils (Mehari, 2008). The fruits have been reported as a famine food in the raw and fried form (Teklehaymanot et al., 2010). The roots are used in ethno-medicine to cure respiratory infections and tuberculosis, and are a chief constituent in a remedy for typhoid (Teklehaymanot et al., 2010; Kokwaro, 2009).

Distribution

Grewia kakothamnos is found in Eastern Africa where it grows in moderately dry areas from sea level up to an altitude of 1180 m (Thulin, 1999), although it has been found up to 2200 m in Ethiopia (Betemariam, 2011).

Nutritional aspects

Nutritional attributes

The only known composition data on Grewia kakothamnos (fresh young browse) indicates a relatively low protein value (8.7% DM) and a high fibre content (32.6% DM) (Dougall et al., 1958).

Ruminants

Minimal information exists on the use of Grewia kakothamnos. Early studies report that it was found to be extremely palatable to goats in a semi-arid zone in Kenya (Edwards, 1948 cited by Lamprey et al., 1980) and that only goats ate the dry fallen leaves during the dry season (Göhl, 1982).

Nutritional tables

Tables of chemical composition and nutritional value

Grewia (Grewia kakothamnos), aerial part, fresh

Avg: average or predicted value; SD: standard deviation; Min: minimum value; Max: maximum value; Nb: number of values (samples) used

Grewia (Grewia kakothamnos), aerial part, fresh

Fresh browse, early vegetative, semi-arid zone in Kenya

Main analysis	Unit	Avg	SD	Min	Max	Nb
Crude protein	% DM	8.7				1
Crude fibre	% DM	32.6				1
Ether extract	% DM	2.5				1
Ash	% DM	7.7				1
Gross energy	MJ/kg DM	18.4					*

Minerals	Unit	Avg	SD	Min	Max	Nb
Calcium	g/kg DM	15.3				1
Phosphorus	g/kg DM	3.6				1

Ruminant nutritive values	Unit	Avg	SD	Min	Max	Nb
OM digestibility, Ruminant	%	62.6					*
Energy digestibility, ruminants	%	59.2					*
DE ruminants	MJ/kg DM	10.9					*
ME ruminants	MJ/kg DM	8.8					*

The asterisk * indicates that the average value was obtained by an equation.

References

Dougall et al., 1958

Last updated on 25/03/2013 16:07:56

References

References

Abate, T. ; Ebro, A. ; Nigatu, L., 2012. Evaluation of woody vegetation in the rangeland of Southeast Ethiopia . Int. Res. J. Agric. Sci. Soil Sci., 2 (3): 113-126
Betemariam, E. A., 2011. Forest diversity in fragmented landscapes of northern Ethiopia and implications for conservation. Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades (Dr. rer. nat) der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät, Universität Bonn
Dougall, H. W. ; Bogdan, A. V., 1958. Browse plants of Kenya - with special reference to those occurring in South Baringo. E. Afr. Agric. For. J., 23 (4): 236-245
Edwards, D. C., 1948. Some notes on the food of goats in a semi-arid area. E. Afr. Agric. For. J., 13: 221-223
Göhl, B., 1982. Les aliments du bétail sous les tropiques. FAO, Division de Production et Santé Animale, Roma, Italy
Kokwaro, J. O., 2009. Medicinal Plants of East Africa. University of Nairobi Press
Lamprey, H. F. ; Herlocker, D. J. ; Field, C. R., 1980. Report on the state of knowledge on browse in East Africa in 1980. In: Browse in Africa, the current state of knowledge. H. N. Le Houérou (ed.), ILCA, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 33-55
Le Houérou, H. N., 1980. Browse in Africa. The current state of knowledge. Papers presented in the International Symposium on Browse in Africa, Addis Ababa, April 8-12, 1980, International Livestock Center for Africa
Mehari, A. T., 2008. Ethnobotanical study of Dess'a forest, north-eastern escarpment of Ethiopia, with emphasis on use and management of forest resources by local people. Master thesis, Master of science in environmental science, Addis-Abbaba University
Mueller, I. H.; Northridge, J.; Allan, E.; Muchuweti, M.; Ndhlala, A.; Shava, S., 2005. Nutritional composition of wild plants and browse with dual uses as animal feeds and famine foods in Southern Ethiopia. Research Proposal. UK. pp. 5.
Roothaert, R. L., 2000. The potential of indigenous and naturalized fodder trees and shrubs for intensive use in central Kenya. Doctoral thesis, Wageningen University, The Netherlands: xi + 171 pp
Tefera, S.; Snyman, H. A.; Smit, G. N., 2007. Rangeland dynamics of southern Ethiopia: (2). Assessment of woody vegetation structure in relation to land use and distance from water in semi-arid Borana rangelands. J. Environ. Manage., 85 (2): 443-452
Teklehaymanot, T.; Giday, M., 2010. Ethnobotanical study of wild edible plants of Kara and Kwego semi-pastoralist people in Lower Omo River Valley, Debub Omo Zone, SNNPR, Ethiopia. J. Ethnobiol. Ethnomedi., 6 (1): 23
Thulin, M., 1999. Flora of Somalia, Volume 2. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew

Datasheet citation

Heuzé V., Tran G., 2015. Grewia (Grewia kakothamnos). Feedipedia, a programme by INRAE, CIRAD, AFZ and FAO. https://www.feedipedia.org/node/147 Last updated on May 11, 2015, 14:32

English correction by Tim Smith (Animal Science consultant) and Hélène Thiollet (AFZ)

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